Incazelo

Lo mkhiqizo ukhiqizwa ngenqubo ehilela ukusabela kwe-sodium silicate ene-acids (njenge-hydrochloric acid, i-sulfuric acid, ne-phosphoric acid) noma usawoti (okuhlanganisa i-ammonium chloride, i-ammonium sulfate, ne-ammonium bicarbonate). Lokhu kusabela kuphumela ekwakhekeni kwe-silicic acid precipitate, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-hydrated silicon dioxide. Ngokulandelayo, imvula igezwa ngamanzi ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola bese yomiswa ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo wokugcina. Kubalwa njengomkhiqizo oshisiwe, okuqukethwe kwe-SiO2 akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-99.0%.

[Izici] Lo mkhiqizo uyimpushana emhlophe, exegayo.
Lo mkhiqizo uncibilika esixazululweni sokuhlola i-sodium hydroxide eshisayo, kodwa awuncibiliki emanzini noma ungancibilikisi i-hydrochloric acid.
[Identification] Thatha cishe u-5mg walo mkhiqizo, uwubeke ku-platinum crucible, engeza u-200mg we-potassium carbonate, uhlanganise kahle, uvutha ku-600-700℃ imizuzu engu-10, uphole, ungeze u-2ml wamanzi bese ushisa kancane ukuze uncibilike, kancane kancane wengeze u-2ml we-ammonium molybdate 6.5gml ye-asidi ye-molybdate engu-4. amanzi kanye ne-14.5ml yesisombululo se-ammonia esigxilile, qhaqhazela ukuncibilika, ukupholisa phansi, kancane kancane wengeze ingxube epholile ye-32ml ye-nitric acid no-40ml wamanzi ngaphansi kokugqugquzela, ake ume amahora angu-48, ukuhlunga, thatha i-filtrate, futhi usutholile) 2ml, isixazululo sibonakala siphuzi esimnyama.
[Ukuhlola] Usayizi wezinhlayiya: Thatha u-10g walo mkhiqizo futhi uwuhlole ngokuya ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana kanye nendlela yokunquma yokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana [Umthetho Ojwayelekile 0982, Indlela yesi-2 (1)]. Inani lesampula lokuhlola elidlula kusihlungi esingu-7 (125μm) akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-85%.
I-Acidity kanye ne-Alkalinity: Thatha i-1g yalo mkhiqizo, engeza u-20ml wamanzi, unyakazise kahle, ukuhlunga, bese uthatha i-filtrate elandelayo. Linganisa ngokwendlela (Umthetho Ojwayelekile 0631), futhi inani le-pH kufanele libe phakathi kuka-5.0 no-7.5.
I-Chloride: Thatha u-0.5g walo mkhiqizo, engeza u-50ml wamanzi, ukushisa kanye ne-reflux amahora angu-2, pholisa, engeza amanzi ukwenza kufike ku-50ml, xukuza kahle, ukuhlunga, thatha u-10ml we-filtrate eqhubekayo, hlola ngokwendlela (General Rule 0801), bese uqhathanisa nesisombululo sokulawula esenziwe nge-sodium chloride standard0. Akufanele igxile kakhulu (0.1%).
I-Sulfate: Thatha u-10ml we-filtrate etholwe ekuhlolweni kwe-chloride, bese uhlola ngokwendlela (Umthetho Ojwayelekile 0802). Qhathanisa nesisombululo sokulawula esilungiselelwe ngokuncibilikisa i-5.0ml yesisombululo esijwayelekile se-potassium sulfate. Ukugxila kwesixazululo sokuhlola akufanele kube ngaphezu kwalokho kwesixazululo sokulawula (0.5%).
Ukulahlekelwa ekumisweni: Thatha lo mkhiqizo futhi uwusule ku-145 ℃ amahora angu-2. Ukuncipha kwesisindo akufanele kudlule ku-5.0% (Umthetho Jikelele 0831).
Ukulahlekelwa ekushiseni: Thatha i-1.0g yesampula yokuhlola esele ngaphansi kwento elahlekile lapho omiswa, yikale kahle, bese uyithungela ku-1000℃ ihora elingu-1. Ukulahlekelwa isisindo akufanele kudlule i-8.5% yesisindo somkhiqizo omisiwe.
Usawoti wensimbi: Thatha u-0.2g walo mkhiqizo, engeza u-25ml wamanzi, u-2ml we-hydrochloric acid, namaconsi angu-5 e-nitric acid, ubilise imizuzu engu-5, uphole, ukuhlunga, ugeze isihlungi ngamanzi amancane, uhlanganise i-filtrate nokugeza, engeza u-50mg we-ammonium persulfate, uhlanjululwe ngamanzi 35ml. 0807), futhi uqhathanise nesixazululo sokulawula esenziwe nge-3.0ml yesisombululo sensimbi esijwayelekile. Akufanele kube mnyama (0.015%).
Izinsimbi ezinzima: Thatha u-3.3g walo mkhiqizo, engeza u-40ml wamanzi no-5ml we-hydrochloric acid, ushise kancane futhi ubilise imizuzu engu-15, wehlise umoya, ukuhlunga, bese ubeka i-filtrate ku-100ml volumetric flask. Geza isihlungi ngenani elifanele lamanzi, bese wengeza iziwashi kuflask yevolumu. Nciphisa ngamanzi kuze kube uphawu, xukuza kahle, uthathe u-20ml, engeza ithonsi elilodwa lesixazululo se-phenolphthalein, engeza isixazululo se-ammonia ngokudonsa kuze kube bomvu, engeza u-2ml wesisombululo se-acetate buffer (pH3.5) nenani elifanele lamanzi ukwenza ama-25ml, bese uhlola ngokwendlela (1, Umthetho Ojwayelekile 08). Okuqukethwe kwezinsimbi ezisindayo akufanele kudlule izingxenye ezingu-30 ngesigidi.
Usawoti we-Arsenic: Thatha u-20ml wesisombululo ngaphansi kwento yensimbi esindayo, engeza i-5ml ye-hydrochloric acid, bese uhlola ngokuvumelana nendlela (Umthetho Ojwayelekile 0822, Indlela 1). Kufanele ihambisane nokucaciswa (0.0003%).
[Ukuzimisela kokuqukethwe] Thatha u-1g walo mkhiqizo, uwukale kahle, uwubeke ku-platinum crucible oshiswe ukuze ube nesisindo esingaguquki ku-1000℃, uwuthungele ku-1000℃ ihora elingu-1, uwususe, uwupholise, ukale kahle, manzisa i-asidi eyi-flue, engeza i-hydroflue eyi-1. faka u-10ml we-hydrofluoric acid kanye no-0.5ml we-sulfuric acid, uhwamulise ukoma lapho ugeza ngamanzi okugeza, uwuthuthele esitofini sikagesi bese uwushisa kancane kuze kukhishwe umhwamuko we-asidi, uwuthungele ube nesisindo esingapheli, ukuncipha kancane kancane kancane kancane kancane, ukuncipha kancane kancane kancane kancane kancane, ukwehla kwesisindo ngo-100. isisindo se-SiO2 esiqukethwe kusampula yokuhlola.
[Isigaba] Izisiza zemithi, izinsiza zokugeleza, izinsiza zokumisa, njll.
[Isitoreji] Gcina uvalwe ngokuqinile.