Description

Colloidal silica is a versatile ingredient in pharmaceutical formulations.

1. As a glidant: It reduces the inter-particle forces of drug particles, enhances granulation and tabletting performance, prevents sticking in gel plasters, and optimizes drug properties through adsorption, improving the uniformity and flowability of oily, high-moisture and poorly soluble drugs. Its anti-static property also helps prevent powder electrostatic adhesion during fluidized bed granulation.

2. As a grinding aid: It promotes the grinding and refinement of raw materials, enhances the disintegration of dispersible tablets, serves as a drug carrier for sustained release and targeted drug delivery, and increases efficacy while reducing side effects.

3. In semi-solid preparations: It provides thickening and thixotropic effects, facilitating storage, application and preventing drug flow.

4. For insoluble drugs: It adsorbs particles to prevent aggregation, ensuring uniform dispersion of drugs in oral suspensions.

5. In creams: It thickens, prevents sedimentation and separation, and ensures accurate dosing.

6. In inhalation preparations: It improves the flowability and dispersibility of drug powders, facilitating pulmonary absorption.

Chinese Name	Colloidal Silicon Dioxide
English Name	Colloidal Silicon Dioxide
Chinese Synonym	Micropowdered Silica Gel
English Synonyms	Aerosil; colloidal silica; fumed silica; fumed silicon dioxide; hochdisperses silicum dioxid; SAS; silica colloidalis anhydrica; silica sol; silicic anhydride; silicon dioxide colloidal; silicon dioxide fumed; synthetic amorphous silica; Wacker HDK
Chemical Name	Silica
CAS Registry Number	7631-86-9
Molecular Formula	SiO₂
Molecular Weight	60.08
Structural Formula	None
Classification	Viscosity Increasing Agent; Suspending Agent
Uses	Widely used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and food. It can improve the fluidity of dry powder (such as tabletting), stabilize emulsions, act as a thixotropic thickening agent and suspending agent in gel and semi-solid preparations, form a transparent gel with components having similar refractive indices, and its viscosity is affected by the polarity of the liquid and the pH of the system. In non-inhalation aerosol preparations, it is often used to promote the suspension of particles, prevent the formation of hard precipitates and reduce nozzle clogging. It can also be used as a disintegrant for tablets, an adsorbent dispersant for powders, and a viscosity increasing agent for suppositories containing lipophilic matrices
Routes of Administration	Oral, inhalation, transdermal, sublingual, vaginal
Safety	Widely used in oral and some topical preparations, generally considered non-toxic and non-irritating. However, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections may cause local tissue necrosis and granuloma, so silica is not suitable for injection. LD50 (rat, IV): 15mg/kg; LD50 (rat, oral): 3.16g/kg
Contraindications	Incompatible with Diethylstilbestrol
Source and Preparation	Prepared by gas-phase hydrolysis of chlorosilanes, for example, using silicon tetrachloride and burning it with hydrogen and oxygen flames at 1800℃

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